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What are reserved powers?

  1. Powers specifically granted to the states

  2. Powers granted to the federal government

  3. Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states

  4. Powers exclusively for executing laws

The correct answer is: Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states

Reserved powers are those held by the states under the Tenth Amendment of the US Constitution, which states that any powers not specifically given to the federal government or denied to the states are reserved for the states. This means that both A and B are incorrect - reserved powers are not specifically given to the states or to the federal government, but rather are left for the states to exercise. Additionally, while D may seem like a plausible answer, it only refers to a specific type of power and does not encompass the broader concept of reserved powers.